Home The Word Brain My Amedeo FAQ Privacy About   


Chinese Coaching

Already know some Chinese? Stay on track with structured, one-on-one coaching to make steady, long-term progress. By Meng Wu and BSK.


  Ophthalmology

  Free Subscription


01.12.2025

7 Am J Ophthalmol
25 BMC Ophthalmol
1 Br J Ophthalmol
2 Can J Ophthalmol
2 Eur J Ophthalmol
10 Exp Eye Res
6 Eye (Lond)
4 Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol
3 Int Ophthalmol
5 Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
4 J Cataract Refract Surg
2 J Glaucoma
1 Lancet
3 Ophthalmol Glaucoma
2 PLoS One
3 Retina


  Retrieve available abstracts of this week’s articles:
HTML format
 
 
Single Articles


    Am J Ophthalmol

  1. GUNASEGARAN G, Moghimi S, Nishida T, Liebmann JM, et al
    Proportion of Fast Progressors in the Central versus Global Visual Field Across Varying Glaucoma Severity Groups.
    Am J Ophthalmol. 2025 Nov 20:S0002-9394(25)00627.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  2. TOTH G, Liu S, Li S, Vancsa S, et al
    Outcomes of Penetrating Keratoplasty and Boston type 1 Keratoprosthesis in Aniridia-Associated Keratopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
    Am J Ophthalmol. 2025 Nov 21:S0002-9394(25)00628.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  3. FRANCO JJ, Shapiro JN, Saukkonen D, Azer DP, et al
    Assessing the Research Impact of U.S. Academic Uveitis Specialists Using the Relative Citation Ratio.
    Am J Ophthalmol. 2025 Nov 21:S0002-9394(25)00624.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  4. PANG R, Kolli A, Li R, Li M, et al
    Age-related optic nerve OCT and OCTA changes in subjects without glaucoma: a Five-year Prospective Study.
    Am J Ophthalmol. 2025 Nov 22:S0002-9394(25)00629.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  5. XU L, Ren T, Ma J
    Giant Orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma.
    Am J Ophthalmol. 2025 Nov 24:S0002-9394(25)00626.
    PubMed        

  6. ECONOMIDES JR, Horton JC
    Fixation Preference in Intermittent Exotropia Quantified Using a Wearable Eye Tracker (AJO-25-1626R2).
    Am J Ophthalmol. 2025 Nov 25:S0002-9394(25)00633.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  7. LECOLIER N, Mortemousque G, Dupuy C, Catanese S, et al
    Validation of a standardized metabo-lipidomic workflow for human conjunctival impression cytology specimens.
    Am J Ophthalmol. 2025 Nov 25:S0002-9394(25)00631.
    PubMed         Abstract available


    BMC Ophthalmol

  8. XUE S, Wang Y, Wang F, Yu Z, et al
    Effect of mydriasis on anterior segment biometric parameters of patients with age-related cataracts.
    BMC Ophthalmol. 2025;25:672.
    PubMed        

  9. AMOUZOU D, Ademola-Popoola DS, Obajolowo TS, Adesiyun OO, et al
    Prevalence of retinopathy of prematurity in African preterm infants and evaluation of the accuracy of the WINROP predictive algorithm: an observational clinical study.
    BMC Ophthalmol. 2025 Nov 27. doi: 10.1186/s12886-025-04527.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  10. ZHAO H, Shi J, Lin S, Chen Q, et al
    Intraocular lens post-scleral suture fixation: an ultrasound biomicroscopy study.
    BMC Ophthalmol. 2025 Nov 28. doi: 10.1186/s12886-025-04504.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  11. CHEN M, Lei H, Yang X, Deng Z, et al
    Comparative efficacy of optical correction methods combined with 0.01% atropine in myopia control.
    BMC Ophthalmol. 2025 Nov 26. doi: 10.1186/s12886-025-04523.
    PubMed        

  12. LIAN Y, Li G, Liu H, Zhang Q, et al
    Fractal analysis of retinal microvasculature and cardiovascular outcome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    BMC Ophthalmol. 2025;25:668.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  13. ZHANG W, Deng Y
    Orbital cutaneous fistula as a delayed complication after fracture repair surgery: a case-based literature review.
    BMC Ophthalmol. 2025 Nov 26. doi: 10.1186/s12886-025-04526.
    PubMed        

  14. BALCI S, Yilmaz Tugan B
    Evaluation of parafoveal region and foveal avascular zone in inactive Grave's ophthalmopathy using optical coherence tomography angiography: a meta-analysis.
    BMC Ophthalmol. 2025;25:670.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  15. FARNAN R, Nafees H, Farnan G, Rhatigan M, et al
    A rare case of exogenous fungal endophthalmitis following a traumatic corneal insult.
    BMC Ophthalmol. 2025;25:661.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  16. KIANERSI F, Niri FD, Beni AN, Feizi A, et al
    PCR-based detection of viral and parasitic etiologies in anterior uveitis: a cross-sectional study from Iran.
    BMC Ophthalmol. 2025;25:659.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  17. EL-MAGHRABI SMMM, Ghazawy RMFE, Dayem HMKA, Swelem AHAM, et al
    Evaluating the effect of systemic hypertension on retinal, optic nerve head microvasculature and field of vision using optical coherence tomography angiography and visual field analyzer.
    BMC Ophthalmol. 2025 Nov 21. doi: 10.1186/s12886-025-04460.
    PubMed        

  18. RAK T, Hargitai R, Sonnevend A, Csutak A, et al
    Beauveria bassiana keratitis - the first Hungarian case report.
    BMC Ophthalmol. 2025;25:665.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  19. VURAL E, Hazar L
    Is the C reactive protein/albumin ratio a good tool for retinal vein occlusion?
    BMC Ophthalmol. 2025;25:664.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  20. KUTLU UZAKGIDER N
    Cefuroxime-related hemorrhagic retinal vasculitis following cataract surgery.
    BMC Ophthalmol. 2025;25:662.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  21. YAVARI N, Mohammadi SS, Sokol JT, Feky DE, et al
    Utilization of an automated machine learning approach for the detection of granular corneal dystrophy via slit lamp photographs.
    BMC Ophthalmol. 2025;25:657.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  22. LIU Z, Yihua Y, Hongqi J, Ting S, et al
    Efficacy and safety of PEI combined with goniosynechialysis and goniotomy in the treatment of acute primary angle closure glaucoma.
    BMC Ophthalmol. 2025;25:663.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  23. FARONG L, Xiaodong L, Xuewei Q, Xin L, et al
    Central retinal artery occlusion as a rare complication of trichoderma-associated acute invasive fungal sinusitis.
    BMC Ophthalmol. 2025;25:660.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  24. BAKER M, Ayoub M, Ghosheh T, Alnajjar Z, et al
    Ocular manifestations of primary thrombotic microangiopathies : a descriptive systematic review.
    BMC Ophthalmol. 2025;25:658.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  25. WANG X, Xu W, Hao F, Li Y, et al
    Macular hole caused by intense pulsed light: a case report.
    BMC Ophthalmol. 2025;25:666.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  26. ZHANG S, Wang Y, Liu Y, Qi X, et al
    Severe retinopathy induced by low-dose tamoxifen: a 10-month follow-up analysis based on multimodal imaging.
    BMC Ophthalmol. 2025;25:669.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  27. MA M, Zhao S, Wang A, Chen Y, et al
    Endo-illumination-assisted scleral buckling for chronic rhegmatogenous retinal detachments with undetected retinal breaks in young adults.
    BMC Ophthalmol. 2025;25:655.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  28. MATLOV KORMAS R, Gafni Klepfish E, Marcovich A, Kassem R, et al
    Efficacy and safety of 360 masculine and 180 masculine gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy in combination with phacoemulsification in patients with open-angle glaucoma: a retrospective case-control study.
    BMC Ophthalmol. 2025;25:656.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  29. PIRHAN D, Subasi S, Kesim E, Karabas VL, et al
    Visual and motor outcomes following surgery in children with congenital cataracts: a study of a series of 143 cases.
    BMC Ophthalmol. 2025 Nov 28. doi: 10.1186/s12886-025-04530.
    PubMed        

  30. ALJOHANI S, Othman AYA, Khathami AA, Alshehri A, et al
    Preferred practice patterns in the management of keratoconus: a national survey of cornea specialists in Saudi Arabia.
    BMC Ophthalmol. 2025 Nov 28. doi: 10.1186/s12886-025-04525.
    PubMed        

  31. TENDULKAR K, Kathare R, Prabhu V, Hande P, et al
    Progressive post-LASIK myopic retinoschisis: a rare complication and its management.
    BMC Ophthalmol. 2025;25:671.
    PubMed        

  32. XIONG Y, Ren X, Jiang X, Wang R, et al
    Age distribution and etiological characteristics of patients hospitalized with mechanical ocular trauma from 2017 to 2021.
    BMC Ophthalmol. 2025 Nov 28. doi: 10.1186/s12886-025-04532.
    PubMed        


    Br J Ophthalmol

  33. KIM JH, Kim Y, Oraha KM, Park HM, et al
    Incidence of glaucoma in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a nationwide cohort study in South Korea.
    Br J Ophthalmol. 2025 Nov 23:bjo-2025-327897. doi: 10.1136/bjo-2025-327897.
    PubMed         Abstract available


    Can J Ophthalmol

  34. NAM D, Jang YH, Lee Y, Seo J, et al
    Clinical utility of an AI-based retinal imaging model for cardiovascular risk prediction in hypertensive retinopathy.
    Can J Ophthalmol. 2025 Nov 22:S0008-4182(25)00451.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  35. PUR DR, Gill K, Rodriguez AR
    Geographic distribution of ophthalmology residency matches: a comparison of pre- and post-virtual interview cycles in Canada.
    Can J Ophthalmol. 2025 Nov 22:S0008-4182(25)00452.
    PubMed         Abstract available


    Eur J Ophthalmol

  36. CHENG X, Lohmann T, Johnen S, Walter P, et al
    Relationship between monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio and age-related macular degeneration: Findings from a national cross-sectional study.
    Eur J Ophthalmol. 2025 Nov 28:11206721251402991. doi: 10.1177/11206721251402991.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  37. NASERIPOUR M, Naseripour M, Fazel M, Mansouri S, et al
    Clinical and pathological predictors of high risk histopathological features in retinoblastoma: Analysis of 236 eyes.
    Eur J Ophthalmol. 2025 Nov 26:11206721251400507. doi: 10.1177/11206721251400507.
    PubMed         Abstract available


    Exp Eye Res

  38. NANDEESH V, Zhang X, Zheng K, Asfiya R, et al
    Small extracellular vesicles derived from human retinal pericytes under high glucose and hypoxia conditions promote endothelial cell dysfunction in vitro.
    Exp Eye Res. 2025 Nov 26:110768. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2025.110768.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  39. SHUIJING T, Jiakang W, Tingting Y, Ma J, et al
    Biomechanical and Inflammatory Pathways Underlying the Genetic Architecture of Keratoconus: A Genomic SEM Study.
    Exp Eye Res. 2025 Nov 25:110770. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2025.110770.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  40. WANG L, Wang Z
    Therapeutic targeting of lncRNAs in Age-Related Ocular Disease.
    Exp Eye Res. 2025 Nov 25:110771. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2025.110771.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  41. XU Z, Yang L, Gu H
    COL4A2 Activation of AKT Signaling Drives Endothelial Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Angiogenesis in Diabetic Retinopathy.
    Exp Eye Res. 2025 Nov 25:110773. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2025.110773.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  42. TAO T, Peng Y, Zhao M, Yan K, et al
    Reveal a Risk and Potential Mechanism for Keratoconus Progression with Isotretinoin:Toxicogenomic, Transcriptomics and Real-World Evidence Insights.
    Exp Eye Res. 2025 Nov 22:110769. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2025.110769.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  43. SUN Y, Li L, Luo F, Qin Y, et al
    Uncovering the metabolic landscape of aqueous humor in posterior subcapsular cataract associated with hyperuricemia.
    Exp Eye Res. 2025;263:110767.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  44. QING W, Bangqi R, Yu M, Yong L, et al
    Optimization of the oxygen-induced retinopathy model in mice and its impact on retinal angiogenesis.
    Exp Eye Res. 2025;263:110756.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  45. ANITUA E, Muruzabal F, Alcalde I, Merayo-Lloves J, et al
    Regenerative effect of Plasma rich in growth factors-transparent membrane in an animal model of photorefractive keratectomy. Comparative study with amniotic membrane.
    Exp Eye Res. 2025 Nov 20:110754. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2025.110754.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  46. LIU X, Shen J, Zhang X, Gong J, et al
    Acute High Intraocular Pressure Induced by Vitreous Cavity Infusion: an animal model to evaluate corneal endothelial injuries.
    Exp Eye Res. 2025 Nov 20:110765. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2025.110765.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  47. GIRGIN Y, Vural GS, Yigit Y, Isildar B, et al
    Regenerative Effects of Topical Insulin on Corneal Wound Healing: From Surface Restoration to Stromal Remodeling.
    Exp Eye Res. 2025 Nov 26:110775. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2025.110775.
    PubMed         Abstract available


    Eye (Lond)

  48. PATTERSON CT, Melson AT
    The right to sight: a call for ophthalmic care standards in carceral and detention centre settings.
    Eye (Lond). 2025 Nov 27. doi: 10.1038/s41433-025-04147.
    PubMed        

  49. HENEIN C, Tan JK, Kilduff C, Mathew RG, et al
    Improving patient experience through co-designed patient decision aids in glaucoma.
    Eye (Lond). 2025 Nov 26. doi: 10.1038/s41433-025-04113.
    PubMed        

  50. HAN X, Sun B, Zhang X, Zhao J, et al
    Biomechanical changes and associated factors of preserved SMILE-derived corneal stromal lenticules.
    Eye (Lond). 2025 Nov 25. doi: 10.1038/s41433-025-04115.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  51. YANG Z, Wang M, Huang X, Luan R, et al
    Interpretable machine learning model based on blood parameters for screening high myopia.
    Eye (Lond). 2025 Nov 25. doi: 10.1038/s41433-025-04114.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  52. J K, Bin Khalid S, Vittal S, Muralidhar S, et al
    Automated diagnosis of early-stage retinopathy of prematurity.
    Eye (Lond). 2025 Nov 24. doi: 10.1038/s41433-025-04122.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  53. WU Z, Zhao L, Yang L
    Snowflake-like deposits on a hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens.
    Eye (Lond). 2025 Nov 24. doi: 10.1038/s41433-025-04118.
    PubMed        


    Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

  54. CASAZZA M, Reifeltshammer SA, Hirnschall N, Wendelstein J, et al
    Correction: Capsular bag performance of an aspheric hydrophobic IOL after conventional phacoemulsification or femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery: 12-month results of a randomized prospective study.
    Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2025 Nov 29. doi: 10.1007/s00417-025-07045.
    PubMed        

  55. SHIN G, Ha JE, Baek SU
    Optic disc swelling in acute primary angle closure: Associated factors and longitudinal OCT changes.
    Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2025 Nov 24. doi: 10.1007/s00417-025-07044.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  56. GHANBARI H, Masoumi A, Samadi M, Naghshtabrizi N, et al
    Optical coherence tomography angiography in evaluating the response of ocular surface squamous neoplasia to topical immunotherapy.
    Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2025 Nov 24. doi: 10.1007/s00417-025-07041.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  57. STOPYRA W, Zhu X, Grzybowski A
    Review of intraocular lens power calculation formulas in eyes after corneal refractive surgery.
    Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2025 Nov 22. doi: 10.1007/s00417-025-07003.
    PubMed         Abstract available


    Int Ophthalmol

  58. VISHWAKARMA P, Gowtham L, Sheba E, Joseph J, et al
    Fungal keratitis: Does antifungal Resistance Influence the outcome?
    Int Ophthalmol. 2025;46:5.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  59. WONG HM, Tsui LY, Poon SY, Kam KW, et al
    In vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) analysis of corneal sub-basal nerve plexus (SNP) and corneal sensitivity after micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (MP-TSCPC) in glaucoma patients.
    Int Ophthalmol. 2025;46:4.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  60. SANSOME S, Banerjee U, Griffin B, Issa S, et al
    Long-term effectiveness of the trabecular micro-bypass (iStent): 3-year real world data in glaucoma and ocular hypertension.
    Int Ophthalmol. 2025;46:6.
    PubMed         Abstract available


    Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci

  61. ZHENG X, Zhao F, Chen H, Lin H, et al
    A Novel Rabbit Model of Angle-Closure Glaucoma Via Ciliary Block and Elevated Trans-Lens Pressure Difference.
    Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2025;66:60.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  62. SOOD S, Sinha NR, Tiwari A, Ruterschmidt E, et al
    Epigenetic Reprogramming Via Sodium Butyrate Induces Corneal Myofibroblast Dedifferentiation In Vitro and Inhibits Fibrosis In Vivo.
    Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2025;66:59.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  63. DONG Y, Hao Z, Liu Y, Chang A, et al
    Preclinical Assessment of Mitochondrial-Targeted ND4 Gene Therapy for Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy.
    Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2025;66:58.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  64. REN M, Chen X, Gao P, Huang Y, et al
    RPGRORF15 Mutations Disrupt Lysosomal Lipid Metabolism in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells and Cause Retinitis Pigmentosa.
    Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2025;66:61.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  65. QUARTA A, Corradetti G, Romano F, Trinco A, et al
    Distinct Profiles of Choriocapillaris Involvement in Extensive Macular Atrophy With Pseudodrusen-Like Appearance and Geographic Atrophy.
    Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2025;66:64.
    PubMed         Abstract available


    J Cataract Refract Surg

  66. WALLERSTEIN A, Lekhi V, Ahmed IK, Harissi-Dagher M, et al
    Incidence of TASS and endophthalmitis in 190,000 eyes in a high-volume, multi-surgeon, national network of ambulatory surgical centers using uniform perioperative protocols.
    J Cataract Refract Surg. 2025 Nov 25. doi: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000001844.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  67. FABIAN E, Janekova A, de Arriba Palomero P, Tana-Rivero P, et al
    Randomized Comparative Multicenter Study Assessing Two Dispersive Viscosurgical Devices for Cataract Surgery.
    J Cataract Refract Surg. 2025 Nov 19. doi: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000001837.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  68. WALLERSTEIN A, Gauvin M
    Comment On: Biomechanical corneal effects of LASIK Xtra compared with conventional FS-LASIK in high myopic eyes.
    J Cataract Refract Surg. 2025 Nov 24. doi: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000001839.
    PubMed        

  69. CHUNG ME, Manche EE
    A Prospective Study Analyzing Wavefront-Guided LASIK and PRK Surgery Performed by Cornea Fellows in Training.
    J Cataract Refract Surg. 2025 Nov 24. doi: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000001834.
    PubMed         Abstract available


    J Glaucoma

  70. BACHOUR K, Dahoud A, Berkache M, Chow DR, et al
    One-Year Outcomes of Hydrus Microstent Combined with Cataract Surgery: Efficacy Across Glaucoma Severity Levels.
    J Glaucoma. 2025 Oct 20. doi: 10.1097/IJG.0000000000002663.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  71. GALVEZ-OLORTEGUI J, Jarroudi RB, Silva-Ocas I, Bernales-Urbina S, et al
    Systematic Review of Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Open Angle Glaucoma.
    J Glaucoma. 2025 Sep 30. doi: 10.1097/IJG.0000000000002642.
    PubMed         Abstract available


    Lancet

  72. NOAISEH G, Sivils KL, Campbell K, Idokogi J, et al
    Efficacy and safety of nipocalimab in patients with moderate-to-severe Sjogren's disease (DAHLIAS): a randomised, phase 2, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial.
    Lancet. 2025;406:2435-2448.
    PubMed         Abstract available


    Ophthalmol Glaucoma

  73. STAGG BC, Brintz BJ, Stein JD, Hess R, et al
    Time to identify glaucoma progression given real-world visual field testing frequencies in a US nationwide insured population.
    Ophthalmol Glaucoma. 2025 Nov 26:S2589-4196(25)00243.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  74. ABBAS K, Harrison B, Peter Chang TC, Edmunds B, et al
    Glaucoma Management in Sturge-Weber Syndrome Using the Delphi Process.
    Ophthalmol Glaucoma. 2025 Nov 26:S2589-4196(25)00242.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  75. BINESHFAR N, Chen L, Zhao Y, Aziz K, et al
    Glaucoma Polygenic Risk Scores Demonstrate Heterogeneous Performance across Two Large Multiethnic Cohorts.
    Ophthalmol Glaucoma. 2025 Nov 24:S2589-4196(25)00241.
    PubMed         Abstract available


    PLoS One

  76. ALNAWMASI MM
    The impact of convergence insufficiency on selective visual attention among university students.
    PLoS One. 2025;20:e0336715.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  77. TREVINO RC, Tichenor AA, Kovacich S, Cheung H, et al
    Effect of congenital color vision deficiency on the ability of optometrists to correctly identify lesions in ocular fundus photographs.
    PLoS One. 2025;20:e0337626.
    PubMed         Abstract available


    Retina

  78. LIN S, Wu K, Shi J, Zhao H, et al
    Microscope-Integrated Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography for Intraocular Lens Tilt Evaluation During Scleral-Suture Fixation.
    Retina. 2025 Nov 19. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000004741.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  79. ZHOU L, Zhao C, Li D, Du J, et al
    Wide-field Retinal and Choroidal Thickness in Healthy Chinese Children: Normative Ranges and Influencing Factors.
    Retina. 2025 Nov 18. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000004736.
    PubMed         Abstract available

  80. SHMUSHKEVICH S, Berzack S, Bajrami S, Massoumi S, et al
    Impact of Sleep Apnea on Retinal Vein Occlusion in Individuals Under 55: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
    Retina. 2025 Nov 18. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000004739.
    PubMed         Abstract available


Thank you for your interest in scientific medicine.


AMEDEO Ophthalmology is free of charge.